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Introduction

Installing V from source

Upgrading V to latest version

Packaging V for distribution

Getting started

Hello World

Running a project folder with several files

Comments

Functions

Hoisting

Returning multiple values

Symbol visibility

Variables

Mutable variables

Initialization vs assignment

Warnings and declaration errors

V Types

Primitive types

Strings

Runes

Numbers

Arrays

Fixed size arrays

Maps

Map update syntax

Module imports

Selective imports

Module hierarchy

Module import aliasing

Statements & expressions

If

Match

In operator

For loop

Defer

Goto

Structs

Heap structs

Default field values

Required fields

Short struct literal syntax

Struct update syntax

Trailing struct literal arguments

Access modifiers

Anonymous structs

Static type methods

[noinit] structs

Methods

Embedded structs

Unions

Functions 2

Immutable function args by default

Mutable arguments

Variable number of arguments

Anonymous & higher order functions

Closures

Parameter evaluation order

References

Constants

Required module prefix

Builtin functions

println

Printing custom types

Dumping expressions at runtime

Modules

Create modules

Special considerations for project folders

init functions

cleanup functions

Type Declarations

Type aliases

Enums

Function Types

Interfaces

Sum types

Option/Result types and error handling

Custom error types

Generics

Concurrency

Spawning Concurrent Tasks

Channels

Shared Objects

JSON

Decoding JSON

Encoding JSON

Testing

Asserts

Asserts with an extra message

Asserts that do not abort your program

Test files

Running tests

Memory management

Control

Stack and Heap

ORM

Writing Documentation

Newlines in Documentation Comments

Tools

v fmt

v shader

Profiling

Package management

Package commands

Publish package

Attributes

Conditional compilation

Compile time pseudo variables

Compile time reflection

Compile time code

Compile time types

Environment specific files

Debugger

Call stack

Trace

Memory-unsafe code

Structs with reference fields

sizeof and __offsetof

Limited operator overloading

Implicitly generated overloads

Restriction

Performance tuning

Tuning operations details

Atomics

Global Variables

Static Variables

Cross compilation

Debugging

C Backend binaries (Default)

Native Backend binaries

Javascript Backend

V and C

Calling C from V

Calling V from C

Passing C compilation flags

pkgconfig

Including C code

C types

C Declarations

Export to shared library

Translating C to V

Working around C issues

Other V Features

Inline assembly

Hot code reloading

Cross-platform shell scripts in V

Vsh scripts with no extension

Appendix I: Keywords

Appendix II: Operators

Other online resources

V contributing guide

V language documentation

V standard module documentation

V online playground

Awesome V

The V language Discord

Packaging V for distribution

See the notes on how to prepare a package for V .

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Last updated: 2025-03-12 22:05:16, V Commit: 951d304

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