Appendix II: Operators

This lists operators for primitive types only.

Boolean values, including aliases of bool without an overloaded < operator, cannot be ordered with <, >, <=, or >=. The checker currently does not enforce this restriction for comparisons between generic operands specialized to bool or its aliases.

+ sum integers, floats, strings - difference integers, floats * product integers, floats ** power integers, floats / quotient integers, floats % remainder integers ~ bitwise NOT integers & bitwise AND integers | bitwise OR integers ^ bitwise XOR integers ! logical NOT bools && logical AND bools || logical OR bools != logical XOR bools << left shift integer << unsigned integer >> right shift integer >> unsigned integer >>> unsigned right shift integer >> unsigned integer Precedence Operator 6 ** 5 * / % << >> >>> & 4 + - | ^ 3 == != < <= > >= 2 && 1 || Assignment Operators += -= *= /= %= &= |= ^= >>= <<= >>>= &&= ||=

Note: in V, assert -10 % 7 == -3 passes. In programming, the sign of the remainder depends upon the signs of divisor and dividend. For calendar-style modular arithmetic, use floored division instead: math.divide_floored(-10, 7) gives a quotient of -2 with remainder 4, and math.modulo_floored(-10, 7) == 4. For floats, use math.floor_div with math.floor_mod. New // and %% operators were considered, but // would conflict with line comments, so these library functions are the supported approach.