Source code

Documentation

Introduction

Installing V from source

Upgrading V to latest version

Packaging V for distribution

Getting started

Hello World

Running a project folder with several files

Comments

Functions Hoisting Returning multiple values

Symbol visibility

Variables Mutable variables Initialization vs assignment Warnings and declaration errors

V Types Primitive types Strings Runes Numbers Arrays Fixed size arrays Maps Map update syntax

Module imports Selective imports Module import aliasing

Statements & expressions If Match In operator For loop Defer Goto

Structs Heap structs Default field values Required fields Short struct literal syntax Struct update syntax Trailing struct literal arguments Access modifiers Anonymous structs Static type methods [noinit] structs Methods Embedded structs

Unions

Functions 2 Immutable function args by default Mutable arguments Variable number of arguments Anonymous & higher order functions Closures Parameter evaluation order

References

Constants Required module prefix

Builtin functions println Printing custom types Dumping expressions at runtime

Modules Create modules Special considerations for project folders init functions cleanup functions

Type Declarations Type aliases Enums Function Types Interfaces Sum types Option/Result types and error handling Custom error types Generics

Concurrency Spawning Concurrent Tasks Channels Shared Objects

JSON Decoding JSON Encoding JSON

Testing Asserts Asserts with an extra message Asserts that do not abort your program Test files Running tests

Memory management Control Stack and Heap

ORM

Writing Documentation Newlines in Documentation Comments

Tools v fmt v shader Profiling

Package management Package commands Publish package

Attributes

Conditional compilation Compile time pseudo variables Compile time reflection Compile time code Compile time types Environment specific files

Debugger

Call stack

Trace

Memory-unsafe code

Structs with reference fields

sizeof and __offsetof

Limited operator overloading Implicitly generated overloads Restriction

Performance tuning Tuning operations details

Atomics

Global Variables

Cross compilation

Debugging C Backend binaries (Default) Native Backend binaries Javascript Backend

V and C Calling C from V Calling V from C Passing C compilation flags pkgconfig Including C code C types C Declarations Export to shared library Translating C to V Working around C issues

Other V Features Inline assembly Hot code reloading Cross-platform shell scripts in V Vsh scripts with no extension

Appendix I: Keywords

Appendix II: Operators

V Documentation

(See https://modules.vlang.io/ for documentation of V's standard library)

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Last updated: 2024-05-19 10:37:10, V Commit: 9f2cb8c

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